Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link Association between red meat consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease: An important role of L carnitine metabolites Prevention Observatory of the Montreal Heart Institute Unraveling the Formation Mechanisms of Trimethylamine N Oxide and Its Inhibition by Food Ingredients: Toward Cardioprotective Food Development Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Carnitine, Choline, Cancer, & Cholesterol: The TMAO Connection Optimal DX FYI: Gut Microbes Increase TMAO